Background on horizontal refraction

• Ralph Baer (1981)massive 3DPE calculations for fronts and eddies in deep water at several CZ’s

  • small 3D effects (bearing errors of a few degrees)

• John Perkins and Ralph Baer (1982)

  • ‘Nx2D’ is sufficient!

• Dick Doolittle, Alex Tolstoy, Mike Buckingham (1988)shallow water on the East Australian Continental Slope

  • evidence of large 3D effects

• Heard Island results … not relevant here

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